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@ -37,40 +37,7 @@
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"languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
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}
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"data": {
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"text/html": [
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"<div><div></div><div></div><div><strong>Installed Packages</strong><ul><li><span>Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection, 8.0.0</span></li><li><span>System.Net.Http.Json, 8.0.0</span></li></ul></div></div>"
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"启动WebApi项目\r\n"
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]
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},
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"c:\\Users\\ruyu\\Desktop\\HttpClientStudy\\Docs\\Publish\\HttpClientStudy.WebApp\\HttpClientStudy.WebApp.exe"
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]
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"metadata": {},
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{
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"name": "stdout",
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"output_type": "stream",
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"text": [
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"程序[c:\\Users\\ruyu\\Desktop\\HttpClientStudy\\Docs\\Publish\\HttpClientStudy.WebApp\\HttpClientStudy.WebApp.exe]已在新的命令行窗口执行。如果未出现新命令行窗口，可能是程序错误造成窗口闪现！\r\n"
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]
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}
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],
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"//全局设置，行运行一次，为后续准备\n",
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"#r \"nuget:System.Net.Http.Json\"\n",
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@ -117,17 +84,17 @@
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"\n",
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"因为HttpClient刚推出时不成熟及微软官方文档的示例代码是这种用法，再加上这种是最简单方便的使用方法，就造成很多人使用这种用法。\n",
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"这种方法有如下缺点：\n",
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"+ 1. 每次使用都实例化，造成性能开销大、容易内存泄露；\n",
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"+ 2. 并发量大、请求频繁时：网络端口会被耗尽 `Using包HttpClient,也只是在应用进程中释放了HttpClient实例，但http请求/响应是跨操作系统和网络的，而系统及网络问题在进程之上，不是进程所能处理的。`\n",
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" 1. 每次使用都实例化，造成性能开销大、容易内存泄露；\n",
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" 2. 并发量大、请求频繁时：网络端口会被耗尽 `Using包HttpClient,也只是在应用进程中释放了HttpClient实例，但http请求/响应是跨操作系统和网络的，而系统及网络问题在进程之上，不是进程所能处理的。`\n",
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" \n",
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"优点：\n",
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"+ 1. 使用简单，好学易用；\n",
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"+ 2. 并发量小且请求不频繁时，问题不大；"
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" 1. 使用简单，好学易用；\n",
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" 2. 并发量小且请求不频繁时，问题不大；"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": 6,
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"dotnet_interactive": {
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"language": "csharp"
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@ -139,26 +106,18 @@
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"languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [
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{
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"data": {
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"text/plain": [
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"第 10 次/ 共 10 次请求，成功！"
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]
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},
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"metadata": {},
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}
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],
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"/*\n",
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" 每次请求都实例化：并发量大、请求频繁进会耗尽套接字端口\n",
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"*/\n",
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"{ \n",
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" var baseUrl = WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl;\n",
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"\n",
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" using(var client = new HttpClient())\n",
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" {\n",
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" //发送请求\n",
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" var response = await client.GetAsync(\"http://localhost\");\n",
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" var response = await client.GetAsync(baseUrl);\n",
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" response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
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" }\n",
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"\n",
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@ -169,7 +128,7 @@
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" {\n",
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" using(var client = new HttpClient())\n",
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" {\n",
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" var response = await client.GetAsync(\"http://localhost\");\n",
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" var response = await client.GetAsync(baseUrl);\n",
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" response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
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" displayValue.Update($\"第 {i+1} 次/ 共 10 次请求，成功！\");\n",
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" }\n",
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@ -184,6 +143,239 @@
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"## 2、手动管理：静态类或单例"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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"source": [
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"相比于直接new,实现了HttpClient的重用，`不推荐的`：\n",
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"\n",
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"缺点：\n",
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" 1. 不够灵活、优雅：特别是有多个系列的请求时；\n",
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" \n",
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"优点：\n",
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" 1. 复用 HttpClient\n",
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" 2. 实现了HttpClient的重用，减少创建和销毁的开销"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"vscode": {
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"languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"/*\n",
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" 静态类/属性\n",
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"*/\n",
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"\n",
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"public class HttpClientHelper\n",
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"{\n",
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" public readonly static HttpClient StaticClient;\n",
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"\n",
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" static HttpClientHelper()\n",
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" {\n",
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" SocketsHttpHandler handler = new SocketsHttpHandler()\n",
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" {\n",
|
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" PooledConnectionLifetime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30),\n",
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" };\n",
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"\n",
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" StaticClient = new HttpClient(handler);\n",
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"\n",
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" //统一设置：请求头等\n",
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"\n",
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" //统一错误处理\n",
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"\n",
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" //当然这里也可以设置Pipline，不过这里就不演示了\n",
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" } \n",
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"\n",
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" public static async Task<HttpResponseMessage> GetAsync(string url)\n",
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" {\n",
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" return await StaticClient.GetAsync(url);\n",
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" }\n",
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"\n",
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" public static async Task<string> GetStringAsync(string url)\n",
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" {\n",
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" var response = await StaticClient.GetAsync(url);\n",
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" response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
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" return await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
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" }\n",
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"\n",
|
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" public static async Task<HttpResponseMessage> PostAsync(string url, HttpContent content)\n",
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" {\n",
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" return await StaticClient.PostAsync(url, content);\n",
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" }\n",
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"}\n",
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"\n",
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"{ //调用静态类\n",
|
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" var baseUrl = WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl;\n",
|
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" var response = await HttpClientHelper.GetAsync(baseUrl+\"/api/Config/GetApiConfig\");\n",
|
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" var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
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" Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
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"\n",
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|
" var response2 = await HttpClientHelper.GetStringAsync(baseUrl+\"/api/Normal/GetAllAccounts\");\n",
|
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" Console.WriteLine(response2);\n",
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"}"
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]
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},
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{
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"cell_type": "code",
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"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"vscode": {
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"languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
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"/*\n",
|
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|
" 单例实现1:\n",
|
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|
|
" 1. 私有构造函数，防止外部实例化\n",
|
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|
" 2. 使用静态只读变量存储类的实例，由.Net框架保证实例不变且线程安全\n",
|
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|
" 3. 密封类，拒绝继承，保证不被子类破坏\n",
|
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"*/\n",
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"\n",
|
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|
|
"// 使用Lazy<T>实现单例\n",
|
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|
|
"public sealed class HttpClientSingleton \n",
|
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|
"{\n",
|
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|
|
|
" // 私有静态变量，用于存储类的实例\n",
|
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|
" private static readonly HttpClientSingleton instance = new HttpClientSingleton();\n",
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|
" \n",
|
|
|
|
|
" //公共静态属性，用于获取类的实例\n",
|
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|
" public static HttpClientSingleton Instance\n",
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" {\n",
|
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" get\n",
|
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" {\n",
|
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" return instance;\n",
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" }\n",
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" }\n",
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"\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" private readonly HttpClient Client;\n",
|
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|
"\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" //私有构造函数，防止外部实例化\n",
|
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|
" private HttpClientSingleton() \n",
|
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|
" {\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" SocketsHttpHandler handler = new SocketsHttpHandler()\n",
|
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|
|
" {\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" PooledConnectionLifetime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30),\n",
|
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|
|
|
" };\n",
|
|
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|
"\n",
|
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|
|
|
" Client = new HttpClient(handler);\n",
|
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|
|
"\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" //统一设置：请求头等\n",
|
|
|
|
|
"\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" //统一错误处理\n",
|
|
|
|
|
"\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" //可以使用IoC容器来管理\n",
|
|
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|
"\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" //当然这里也可以设置Pipline，不过这里就不演示了\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" Console.WriteLine(\"HttpClientSingleton 初始化一次\");\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" }\n",
|
|
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|
|
"\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" public async Task<HttpResponseMessage> GetAsync(string url)\n",
|
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|
|
" {\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" return await Client.GetAsync(url);\n",
|
|
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|
|
" }\n",
|
|
|
|
|
"\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" public async Task<string> GetStringAsync(string url)\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" {\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" var response = await Client.GetAsync(url);\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" return await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" }\n",
|
|
|
|
|
"}\n",
|
|
|
|
|
"\n",
|
|
|
|
|
"{ //调用示例\n",
|
|
|
|
|
"\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" var baseUrl = WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl;\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" var response = await HttpClientSingleton.Instance.GetAsync(baseUrl+\"/api/Config/GetApiConfig\");\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
|
|
|
|
|
"\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" var response2 = await HttpClientSingleton.Instance.GetStringAsync(baseUrl+\"/api/Normal/GetAllAccounts\");\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" Console.WriteLine(response2);\n",
|
|
|
|
|
"}"
|
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
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|
|
{
|
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|
"cell_type": "code",
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|
"execution_count": null,
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"metadata": {
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"vscode": {
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"languageId": "polyglot-notebook"
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}
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},
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"outputs": [],
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"source": [
|
|
|
|
|
"/*\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" 单例实现2:\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" 1. 私有构造函数，防止外部实例化\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" 2. 使用Lazy<T>, 延迟实例化, 由.Net 框架保证线程安全\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" 3. 密封类，拒绝继承，保证不被子类破坏\n",
|
|
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|
|
"*/\n",
|
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|
|
"\n",
|
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|
|
|
"// 由于静态初始化器是由 .NET 运行时在后台处理的，因此它是线程安全的，不需要额外的锁定机制。\n",
|
|
|
|
|
"public sealed class HttpClientSingleton2\n",
|
|
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|
|
"{\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" private static readonly Lazy<HttpClient> _httpClientLazy = new Lazy<HttpClient>(() =>\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" {\n",
|
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" SocketsHttpHandler handler = new SocketsHttpHandler()\n",
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" {\n",
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" PooledConnectionLifetime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)\n",
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" };\n",
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"\n",
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" var client = new HttpClient(handler)\n",
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" {\n",
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" // 可以在这里配置HttpClient的实例，例如设置超时时间、基地址等\n",
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" //Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30),\n",
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" //BaseAddress = new Uri(\"https://api.example.com/\"),\n",
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" };\n",
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"\n",
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"\n",
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" //统一设置：请求头等\n",
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"\n",
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" //统一错误处理\n",
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"\n",
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" //可以使用IoC容器来管理\n",
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"\n",
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" //当然这里也可以设置Pipline，不过这里就不演示了\n",
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" Console.WriteLine(\"HttpClientSingleton2 初始化一次\");\n",
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"\n",
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" return client;\n",
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" });\n",
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"\n",
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|
|
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" public static HttpClient Instance => _httpClientLazy.Value;\n",
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"\n",
|
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" // 私有构造函数，防止外部实例化\n",
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" private HttpClientSingleton2() { } \n",
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"\n",
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" public async Task<HttpResponseMessage> GetAsync(string url)\n",
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" {\n",
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" return await _httpClientLazy.Value.GetAsync(url);\n",
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" }\n",
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"\n",
|
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|
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" public async Task<string> GetStringAsync(string url)\n",
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" {\n",
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" var response = await _httpClientLazy.Value.GetAsync(url);\n",
|
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" response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
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" return await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
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" }\n",
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"}\n",
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"\n",
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"{ //调用示例\n",
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"\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" var baseUrl = WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl;\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" var response = await HttpClientSingleton2.Instance.GetAsync(baseUrl+\"/api/Config/GetApiConfig\");\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
|
|
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|
"\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" var response2 = await HttpClientSingleton2.Instance.GetStringAsync(baseUrl+\"/api/Normal/GetAllAccounts\");\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" Console.WriteLine(response2);\n",
|
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|
"}"
|
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|
|
]
|
|
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|
|
},
|
|
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|
{
|
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"cell_type": "markdown",
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"metadata": {},
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|
@ -191,6 +383,23 @@
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"## 3、手动管理：多工具类(每类请求对应一种工具类或单例类)"
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|
|
]
|
|
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|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
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|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
|
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
|
|
|
"source": [
|
|
|
|
|
"把不同类别的请求分成不同的工具类，业务类直接封装成工具类的方法。类似类型化的客户端。 简单使用的话，`比较推荐`\n",
|
|
|
|
|
"\n",
|
|
|
|
|
"优点:\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" 1. 复用HttpClient\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" 2. 可以灵活的进行统一配置\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" 3. 不同类别不同工具类，方便定制\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" 4. 业务直接封装成工具类方法，调用方便、快捷\n",
|
|
|
|
|
"\n",
|
|
|
|
|
"缺点：\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" 1. 工具类比较多，需要手动维护\n",
|
|
|
|
|
" 2. 工具类方法比较多且和业务直接相关，需要手动维护\n"
|
|
|
|
|
]
|
|
|
|
|
},
|
|
|
|
|
{
|
|
|
|
|
"cell_type": "markdown",
|
|
|
|
|
"metadata": {},
|
|
|
|
|
|
wanggaofeng
9 months ago