HttpClientStudy/Docs/1.3.0.基础使用.管理客户端.ipynb

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   "source": [
    "# HttpClient 初始化与生命周期管理"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "HttpClient 旨在实例化一次，并在应用程序的整个生命周期内重复使用。\n",
    "\n",
    "为实现复用，HttpClient类库默认使用连接池和请求管道，可以手动管理(连接池、配置管道、使用Polly); 结合IoC容器、工厂模式(提供了IHttpClientFactory类库)、复原库Polly,可以更加方便、完善的使用,这也是推荐的方法。"
   ]
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 0、初始化与全局设置"
   ]
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       "<div><div></div><div></div><div><strong>Installed Packages</strong><ul><li><span>Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection, 8.0.0</span></li><li><span>Microsoft.Extensions.Http, 8.0.0</span></li><li><span>Microsoft.Extensions.Http.Polly, 8.0.7</span></li><li><span>Polly, 8.4.1</span></li><li><span>Refit, 7.1.2</span></li><li><span>Refit.HttpClientFactory, 7.1.2</span></li><li><span>System.Net.Http.Json, 8.0.0</span></li></ul></div></div>"
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     "text": [
      "配置文件根目录：e:\\王高峰\\我的项目\\学习项目\\HttpClientStudy\\Docs\\Publish\\HttpClientStudy.Core\n",
      "启动WebApi项目\n",
      "程序[e:\\王高峰\\我的项目\\学习项目\\HttpClientStudy\\Docs\\Publish\\HttpClientStudy.WebApp\\HttpClientStudy.WebApp.exe]已在新的命令行窗口执行。如果未出现新命令行窗口，可能是程序错误造成窗口闪现！\n"
     ]
    }
   ],
   "source": [
    "//全局设置，行运行一次，为后续准备\n",
    "#r \"nuget:System.Net.Http.Json\"\n",
    "#r \"nuget:Microsoft.Extensions.Http\"\n",
    "#r \"nuget:Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection\"\n",
    "#r \"nuget:Polly\"\n",
    "#r \"nuget:Microsoft.Extensions.Http.Polly\"\n",
    "#r \"nuget:Refit\" \n",
    "#r \"nuget:Refit.HttpClientFactory\"\n",
    "#r \"./Publish/HttpClientStudy.Core/HttpClientStudy.Core.dll\"\n",
    "\n",
    "global using System;\n",
    "global using System.IO;\n",
    "global using System.IO.Enumeration;\n",
    "global using System.Buffers;\n",
    "\n",
    "global using System.Collections;\n",
    "global using System.Collections.Concurrent;\n",
    "global using System.Linq;\n",
    "global using System.Linq.Expressions;\n",
    "global using System.Threading;\n",
    "global using System.Threading.Tasks;\n",
    "\n",
    "global using System.Net.Http;\n",
    "global using System.Net.Http.Headers;\n",
    "\n",
    "global using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection;\n",
    "global using Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.Extensions;\n",
    "\n",
    "global using Polly;\n",
    "global using Polly.NoOp;\n",
    "global using Polly.Simmy;\n",
    "global using Polly.Retry;\n",
    "global using Polly.Hedging;\n",
    "global using Polly.Timeout;\n",
    "global using Polly.Bulkhead;\n",
    "global using Polly.Fallback;\n",
    "global using Polly.RateLimit;\n",
    "global using Polly.CircuitBreaker;\n",
    "global using Polly.Utilities;\n",
    "global using Polly.Extensions;\n",
    "global using Polly.Wrap;\n",
    "global using Polly.Registry;\n",
    "global using Polly.Telemetry;\n",
    "\n",
    "global using Refit;\n",
    "//global using Refit.HttpClientFactory;\n",
    "\n",
    "global using HttpClientStudy.Config;\n",
    "global using HttpClientStudy.Core;\n",
    "global using HttpClientStudy.Core.Utilities;\n",
    "\n",
    "//全局变量\n",
    "var webApiBaseUrl = WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl;\n",
    "var workDir = Environment.CurrentDirectory;\n",
    "var fullPath = System.IO.Path.GetFullPath(\"./Publish/HttpClientStudy.WebApp/HttpClientStudy.WebApp.exe\", workDir);\n",
    "//fullPath.Display();\n",
    "\n",
    "//启动已发布的WebApi项目\n",
    "Console.WriteLine(\"启动WebApi项目\");\n",
    "var startMessage = AppUtility.RunWebApiExeFile(fullPath);\n",
    "Console.WriteLine(startMessage);\n"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## 1、手动管理：直接实例化-强烈不推荐"
   ]
  },
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   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "下面这种每次使用都实例化的用法是最常见、最`不推荐的`：\n",
    "\n",
    "因为HttpClient刚推出时不成熟及微软官方文档的示例代码是这种用法，再加上这种是最简单方便的使用方法，就造成很多人使用这种用法。\n",
    "这种方法有如下缺点：\n",
    "  1. 每次使用都实例化，造成性能开销大、容易内存泄露；\n",
    "  2. 并发量大、请求频繁时：网络端口会被耗尽 `Using包HttpClient,也只是在应用进程中释放了HttpClient实例，但http请求/响应是跨操作系统和网络的，而系统及网络问题在进程之上，不是进程所能处理的。`\n",
    "  \n",
    "优点：\n",
    "  1. 使用简单，好学易用；\n",
    "  2. 并发量小且请求不频繁时，问题不大；"
   ]
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    "/*\n",
    "    每次请求都实例化：并发量大、请求频繁进会耗尽套接字端口\n",
    "*/\n",
    "{ \n",
    "    var baseUrl = WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl;\n",
    "\n",
    "    using(var client = new HttpClient())\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        //发送请求\n",
    "        var response = await client.GetAsync(baseUrl);\n",
    "        response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "    //显示句柄\n",
    "    var displayValue = display($\"第 1 次请求，成功！\");\n",
    "\n",
    "    for(int i=0;i<10;i++)\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        using(var client = new HttpClient())\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            var response = await client.GetAsync(baseUrl);\n",
    "            response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
    "            displayValue.Update($\"第 {i+1} 次/ 共 10 次请求，成功！\");\n",
    "        }\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## 2、手动管理：静态类或单例"
   ]
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "相比于直接new,实现了HttpClient的重用，`不推荐的`：\n",
    "\n",
    "缺点：\n",
    "  1. 不够灵活、优雅：特别是有多个系列的请求时；\n",
    "  \n",
    "优点：\n",
    "  1. 复用 HttpClient\n",
    "  2. 实现了HttpClient的重用，减少创建和销毁的开销"
   ]
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    "/*\n",
    "    静态类/属性\n",
    "*/\n",
    "\n",
    "public class HttpClientHelper\n",
    "{\n",
    "    public readonly static HttpClient StaticClient;\n",
    "\n",
    "    static HttpClientHelper()\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        SocketsHttpHandler handler = new SocketsHttpHandler()\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            PooledConnectionLifetime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30),\n",
    "        };\n",
    "\n",
    "        StaticClient = new HttpClient(handler);\n",
    "\n",
    "        //统一设置：请求头等\n",
    "\n",
    "        //统一错误处理\n",
    "\n",
    "        //当然这里也可以设置Pipline，不过这里就不演示了\n",
    "    } \n",
    "\n",
    "    public static async Task<HttpResponseMessage> GetAsync(string url)\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        return await StaticClient.GetAsync(url);\n",
    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "    public static async Task<string> GetStringAsync(string url)\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        var response = await StaticClient.GetAsync(url);\n",
    "        response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
    "        return await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "    public static async Task<HttpResponseMessage> PostAsync(string url, HttpContent content)\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        return await StaticClient.PostAsync(url, content);\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "{   //调用静态类\n",
    "    var baseUrl = WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl;\n",
    "    var response = await HttpClientHelper.GetAsync(baseUrl+\"/api/Config/GetApiConfig\");\n",
    "    var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
    "\n",
    "    var response2 = await HttpClientHelper.GetStringAsync(baseUrl+\"/api/Normal/GetAllAccounts\");\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(response2);\n",
    "}"
   ]
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    "/*\n",
    "   单例实现1:\n",
    "   1. 私有构造函数，防止外部实例化\n",
    "   2. 使用静态只读变量存储类的实例，由.Net框架保证实例不变且线程安全\n",
    "   3. 密封类，拒绝继承，保证不被子类破坏\n",
    "*/\n",
    "\n",
    "// 使用Lazy<T>实现单例\n",
    "public sealed class HttpClientSingleton \n",
    "{\n",
    "    // 私有静态变量，用于存储类的实例\n",
    "    private  static  readonly  HttpClientSingleton  instance  =  new  HttpClientSingleton();\n",
    "    \n",
    "    //公共静态属性，用于获取类的实例\n",
    "    public  static  HttpClientSingleton  Instance\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        get\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            return  instance;\n",
    "        }\n",
    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "    private  readonly  HttpClient  Client;\n",
    "\n",
    "    //私有构造函数，防止外部实例化\n",
    "    private HttpClientSingleton() \n",
    "    {\n",
    "        SocketsHttpHandler handler = new SocketsHttpHandler()\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            PooledConnectionLifetime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30),\n",
    "        };\n",
    "\n",
    "        Client = new HttpClient(handler);\n",
    "\n",
    "        //统一设置：请求头等\n",
    "\n",
    "        //统一错误处理\n",
    "\n",
    "        //可以使用IoC容器来管理\n",
    "\n",
    "        //当然这里也可以设置Pipline，不过这里就不演示了\n",
    "        Console.WriteLine(\"HttpClientSingleton 初始化一次\");\n",
    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "    public async Task<HttpResponseMessage> GetAsync(string url)\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        return await Client.GetAsync(url);\n",
    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "    public async Task<string> GetStringAsync(string url)\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        var response = await Client.GetAsync(url);\n",
    "        response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
    "        return await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "{ //调用示例\n",
    "\n",
    "    var baseUrl = WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl;\n",
    "    var response = await HttpClientSingleton.Instance.GetAsync(baseUrl+\"/api/Config/GetApiConfig\");\n",
    "    var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
    "\n",
    "    var response2 = await HttpClientSingleton.Instance.GetStringAsync(baseUrl+\"/api/Normal/GetAllAccounts\");\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(response2);\n",
    "}"
   ]
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    "/*\n",
    "   单例实现2:\n",
    "   1. 私有构造函数，防止外部实例化\n",
    "   2. 使用Lazy<T>, 延迟实例化, 由.Net 框架保证线程安全\n",
    "   3. 密封类，拒绝继承，保证不被子类破坏\n",
    "*/\n",
    "\n",
    "// 由于静态初始化器是由 .NET  运行时在后台处理的，因此它是线程安全的，不需要额外的锁定机制。\n",
    "public sealed class HttpClientSingleton2\n",
    "{\n",
    "    private  static  readonly  Lazy<HttpClient>  _httpClientLazy  =  new  Lazy<HttpClient>(()  =>\n",
    "    {\n",
    "         SocketsHttpHandler handler = new SocketsHttpHandler()\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            PooledConnectionLifetime = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30)\n",
    "        };\n",
    "\n",
    "        var  client  =  new  HttpClient(handler)\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            //  可以在这里配置HttpClient的实例，例如设置超时时间、基地址等\n",
    "            //Timeout  =  TimeSpan.FromSeconds(30),\n",
    "            //BaseAddress  =  new  Uri(\"https://api.example.com/\"),\n",
    "        };\n",
    "\n",
    "\n",
    "        //统一设置：请求头等\n",
    "\n",
    "        //统一错误处理\n",
    "\n",
    "        //可以使用IoC容器来管理\n",
    "\n",
    "        //当然这里也可以设置Pipline，不过这里就不演示了\n",
    "        Console.WriteLine(\"HttpClientSingleton2 初始化一次\");\n",
    "\n",
    "        return  client;\n",
    "    });\n",
    "\n",
    "    public  static  HttpClient  Instance  =>  _httpClientLazy.Value;\n",
    "\n",
    "    //  私有构造函数，防止外部实例化\n",
    "    private  HttpClientSingleton2()  {  }  \n",
    "\n",
    "    public async Task<HttpResponseMessage> GetAsync(string url)\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        return await _httpClientLazy.Value.GetAsync(url);\n",
    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "    public async Task<string> GetStringAsync(string url)\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        var response = await _httpClientLazy.Value.GetAsync(url);\n",
    "        response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
    "        return await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "{ //调用示例\n",
    "\n",
    "    var baseUrl = WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl;\n",
    "    var response = await HttpClientSingleton2.Instance.GetAsync(baseUrl+\"/api/Config/GetApiConfig\");\n",
    "    var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
    "\n",
    "    var response2 = await HttpClientSingleton2.Instance.GetStringAsync(baseUrl+\"/api/Normal/GetAllAccounts\");\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(response2);\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 3、手动管理：多工具类(每类请求对应一种工具类或单例类)"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "把不同类别的请求分成不同的工具类，业务类直接封装成工具类的方法。类似类型化的客户端。 简单使用的话，`比较推荐`\n",
    "\n",
    "优点:\n",
    "  1. 复用HttpClient\n",
    "  2. 可以灵活的进行统一配置\n",
    "  3. 不同类别不同工具类，方便定制\n",
    "  4. 业务直接封装成工具类方法，调用方便、快捷\n",
    "\n",
    "缺点：\n",
    "  1. 工具类比较多，需要手动维护\n",
    "  2. 工具类方法比较多且和业务直接相关，需要手动维护\n"
   ]
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    "// 百度服务类\n",
    "public sealed class BaiduService \n",
    "{\n",
    "    private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;\n",
    "    public BaiduService()\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        //初始化httpClient\n",
    "        var baseHander = new SocketsHttpHandler() \n",
    "        { \n",
    "            MaxConnectionsPerServer = 1000 \n",
    "        };\n",
    "\n",
    "        _httpClient = new HttpClient(baseHander)\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10),\n",
    "            BaseAddress = new Uri(\"http://www.baidu.com\"),\n",
    "        };\n",
    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "    ///// <summary>\n",
    "    /// 获取百度首页长度\n",
    "    /// </summary>\n",
    "    public async Task<int> GetIndexLengthAsync(string url)\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        var response = await _httpClient.GetAsync(url);\n",
    "        response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
    "        var result = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "        return result.Length;\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}\n",
    "//调用示例\n",
    "{\n",
    "    var service = new BaiduService();\n",
    "    var result = await service.GetIndexLengthAsync(\"/\");\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(result);\n",
    "}"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "// 本机服务类\n",
    "// 百度服务类\n",
    "public sealed class LocalService \n",
    "{\n",
    "    private readonly HttpClient _httpClient;\n",
    "    public LocalService()\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        //初始化httpClient\n",
    "        var baseHander = new SocketsHttpHandler() \n",
    "        { \n",
    "            MaxConnectionsPerServer = 1000 \n",
    "        };\n",
    "\n",
    "        _httpClient = new HttpClient(baseHander)\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10),\n",
    "            BaseAddress = new Uri(WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl),\n",
    "        };\n",
    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "    ///// <summary>\n",
    "    /// 获取百度首页长度\n",
    "    /// </summary>\n",
    "    public async Task<string> GetIndexAsync(string url)\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        var response = await _httpClient.GetAsync(url);\n",
    "        response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
    "        var result = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "        return result;\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}\n",
    "//调用示例\n",
    "{\n",
    "    var service2 = new LocalService();\n",
    "    var result = await service2.GetIndexAsync(\"/api/Simple/GetAccount\");\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(result);\n",
    "}"
   ]
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   "source": [
    "## 4、手动管理：可复原(Polly)请求"
   ]
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    "#r \"nuget:Polly\"\n",
    "#r \"nuget:Microsoft.Extensions.Http.Polly\"\n",
    "\n",
    "using Polly;\n",
    "using Polly.Simmy;\n",
    "using Polly.Retry;\n",
    "using Polly.Extensions;\n",
    "{\n",
    "    var pipleLine = new ResiliencePipelineBuilder()\n",
    "        .AddRetry(new RetryStrategyOptions()\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            ShouldHandle = new PredicateBuilder().Handle<Exception>(),\n",
    "            MaxRetryAttempts = 3, // Retry up to 3 times\n",
    "            OnRetry = args =>\n",
    "            {\n",
    "                // Due to how we have defined ShouldHandle, this delegate is called only if an exception occurred.\n",
    "                // Note the ! sign (null-forgiving operator) at the end of the command.\n",
    "                var exception = args.Outcome.Exception!; // The Exception property is nullable\n",
    "                Console.WriteLine(\"内部重试\");\n",
    "                return default;\n",
    "            }\n",
    "        })\n",
    "        .Build();\n",
    "\n",
    "    var BaseUrl = WebApiConfigManager.GetWebApiConfig().BaseUrl;\n",
    "    HttpClient client = new HttpClient(new SocketsHttpHandler(){})\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        BaseAddress = new Uri(BaseUrl),\n",
    "    };\n",
    "\n",
    "    try\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        await pipleLine.ExecuteAsync(async (inneerToken)=>\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            var response = await client.GetAsync(\"api/Polly8/Retry_Exception\",inneerToken);\n",
    "            response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
    "        });\n",
    "    }\n",
    "    catch(Exception ex)\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);\n",
    "    }\n",
    "    finally\n",
    "    {\n",
    "\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 5、IoC容器管理"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### 直接注册IoC"
   ]
  },
  {
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   "execution_count": null,
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    "/*\n",
    "    注意：\n",
    "        1、直接IoC管理：只能一个，不太方便；\n",
    "        2、可使用.NET 8+ 的 KeyedService, 可以管理多个。 老版只能用服务集合，勉强能用；\n",
    "        3、把HttpClient 放在多个类中，分别注册使用；不过这样，不如直接使用类型化客户端；\n",
    "*/\n",
    "{   // 直接使用\n",
    "    var services = new ServiceCollection();\n",
    "    services.AddSingleton<HttpClient>(new HttpClient()\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        //BaseAddress = new Uri(\"https://localhost:5001/\"),\n",
    "        Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10),\n",
    "    });\n",
    "\n",
    "    var client = services.BuildServiceProvider().GetRequiredService<HttpClient>();\n",
    "\n",
    "    var resp = await client.GetAsync(\"https://www.baidu.com\");\n",
    "    resp.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
    "\n",
    "    var content = await resp.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(content.Length);\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "{ // KeyService: .Net 8+ 才支持的功能\n",
    "    var services = new ServiceCollection();\n",
    "    services\n",
    "        .AddKeyedSingleton<HttpClient>(\"HttpClientA\",new HttpClient()\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            BaseAddress = new Uri(\"https://www.baidu.com/\"),\n",
    "            Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10),\n",
    "        })\n",
    "        .AddKeyedSingleton<HttpClient>(\"HttpClientB\", new HttpClient()\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            BaseAddress = new Uri(\"https://www.qq.com/\"),\n",
    "            Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2),\n",
    "        });\n",
    "\n",
    "    var clientA = services.BuildServiceProvider().GetRequiredKeyedService<HttpClient>(\"HttpClientA\");\n",
    "    var responseA = await clientA.GetAsync(\"/\");\n",
    "    responseA.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
    "    var contentA = await responseA.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(contentA.Length);\n",
    "\n",
    "    var clientB = services.BuildServiceProvider().GetRequiredKeyedService<HttpClient>(\"HttpClientB\");\n",
    "\n",
    "    var responseB = await clientB.GetAsync(\"/\");\n",
    "    responseB.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
    "\n",
    "    var contentB= await responseB.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(contentB.Length);\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
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   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "### HttpClient 多服务类"
   ]
  },
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   "source": [
    "// IoC 多个HttpClient服务类\n",
    "\n",
    "public class  HttpClientServerA\n",
    "{\n",
    "    public static HttpClient Client = new HttpClient()\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        BaseAddress = new Uri(\"https://www.baidu.com/\"),\n",
    "        Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2),\n",
    "    };\n",
    "\n",
    "    public int GetBaiduIndexLength()\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        var requestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, \"/\");\n",
    "\n",
    "        var response = Client.Send(requestMessage);\n",
    "\n",
    "        response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
    "\n",
    "        var s = response.Content.ReadAsStream();\n",
    "        return (int)s.Length;\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "public class  HttpClientServerB\n",
    "{\n",
    "    public static HttpClient Client = new HttpClient()\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        BaseAddress = new Uri(\"https://www.qq.com/\"),\n",
    "        Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2),\n",
    "    };\n",
    "\n",
    "    public int GetBaiduIndexLength()\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        var requestMessage = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Get, \"/\");\n",
    "\n",
    "        var response = Client.Send(requestMessage);\n",
    "\n",
    "        response.EnsureSuccessStatusCode();\n",
    "\n",
    "        var s = response.Content.ReadAsStream();\n",
    "        return (int)s.Length;\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "{\n",
    "    var services = new ServiceCollection();\n",
    "    services.AddScoped<HttpClientServerA>();\n",
    "    services.AddScoped<HttpClientServerB>();\n",
    "\n",
    "    var provider = services.BuildServiceProvider();\n",
    "\n",
    "    var clientA = provider.GetService<HttpClientServerA>();\n",
    "    var sumA = clientA.GetBaiduIndexLength();\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine($\"A: {sumA}\");\n",
    "\n",
    "    var clientB = provider.GetService<HttpClientServerB>();\n",
    "    var sumB = clientB.GetBaiduIndexLength();\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine($\"A: {sumB}\");\n",
    "}"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 6、客户端工厂管理：IHttpClientFactory(需要结合IoC) `强力推荐`"
   ]
  },
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    "使用 IHttpClientFactory 创建和管理 `短期HttpClient` 是官方强力推荐的方式。特别是使用IoC或是 ASP.NET中后台调用其它接口的情况。\n",
    "\n",
    "IHttpClientFactory 综合使用了 HttpClient的多种特性：HttpClient的生命周期、HttpClient的配置、HttpClient的拦截器、HttpClient的缓存、HttpClient的依赖注入、Polly等等。\n"
   ]
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    "//所有HttpClient配置\n",
    "{\n",
    "    var services = new ServiceCollection();\n",
    "    //添加一个委托，用于配置所有HttpClient实例。只执行一次。\n",
    "    services.ConfigureHttpClientDefaults(builder => \n",
    "    {\n",
    "        //builder.UseSocketsHttpHandler();\n",
    "        //builder.SetHandlerLifetime(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(5));\n",
    "        \n",
    "        builder.ConfigureHttpClient(hc =>\n",
    "        {\n",
    "            hc.BaseAddress = new Uri(webApiBaseUrl);\n",
    "        });\n",
    "    });\n",
    "\n",
    "    var factory = services.BuildServiceProvider().GetRequiredService<IHttpClientFactory>();\n",
    "\n",
    "    var client = factory.CreateClient();\n",
    "    var response = await client.GetAsync(\"/api/hello/ping\");\n",
    "    var data = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(data);\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "/*\n",
    "    默认 HttpClient\n",
    "    1、配置默认HttpClient时，AddHttpClient(Action)的Action不会被执行，ConfigureHttpClient()也不执行。原因暂时不明\n",
    "    2、想配置默认HttpClient，可以使用ConfigureHttpClientDefaults方法，但此方法针对所有HttpClient实例(包括命名HttpClient)\n",
    "*/\n",
    "{\n",
    "    var services = new ServiceCollection();\n",
    "\n",
    "    //默认HttpClient\n",
    "    services.AddHttpClient<HttpClient>();\n",
    "\n",
    "    //这种形式，不生效\n",
    "    // services.AddHttpClient<HttpClient>((provider, client) => \n",
    "    // {\n",
    "    //     client.BaseAddress = new Uri(webApiBaseUrl);\n",
    "    // });\n",
    "\n",
    "    //这种形式，ConfigureHttpClient 也不生效\n",
    "    // services.AddHttpClient<HttpClient>()\n",
    "    // .ConfigureHttpClient(config=>\n",
    "    // {\n",
    "    //     config.BaseAddress = new Uri(webApiBaseUrl);\n",
    "    // });\n",
    "\n",
    "    var provider = services.BuildServiceProvider();\n",
    "\n",
    "    var factory = provider.GetRequiredService<IHttpClientFactory>();\n",
    "\n",
    "    var response = await factory.CreateClient().GetAsync(webApiBaseUrl+\"/api/hello/index\");\n",
    "    var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "    \n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(content);\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "//命名 HttpClient\n",
    "{\n",
    "    var clientA =\"httpClientA\";\n",
    "    var clientB =\"httpClientB\";\n",
    "\n",
    "    var services = new ServiceCollection();\n",
    "    services.AddHttpClient<HttpClient>(clientA, (provider, client) => \n",
    "    {\n",
    "        client.BaseAddress = new Uri(webApiBaseUrl);\n",
    "    });\n",
    "    services.AddHttpClient<HttpClient>(clientB, (provider, client) =>   \n",
    "    {\n",
    "        client.DefaultVersionPolicy = HttpVersionPolicy.RequestVersionOrHigher;\n",
    "        client.BaseAddress = new Uri(webApiBaseUrl);\n",
    "    })\n",
    "    .ConfigureHttpClient(client=>\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1);\n",
    "        client.DefaultRequestVersion = new Version(1, 1);\n",
    "    });\n",
    "\n",
    "    var factory = services.BuildServiceProvider().GetRequiredService<IHttpClientFactory>();\n",
    "\n",
    "    var responseA = await factory.CreateClient(clientA).GetAsync(\"/api/hello/ping\");\n",
    "    var contentA = await responseA.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(contentA);\n",
    "\n",
    "    var responseB = await factory.CreateClient(clientB).PostAsync(\"/api/hello/post\",null);\n",
    "    var contentB = await responseB.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(contentB);\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "// 类型化客户端 HttpClient\n",
    "public class HttpClientServiceA\n",
    "{\n",
    "    public HttpClient Client { get; }\n",
    "    public HttpClientServiceA(HttpClient client)\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        Client = client;\n",
    "        Console.WriteLine(\"HttpClientServiceA => 构造函数执行一次\");\n",
    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "    public async Task<string> GetIndexAsync()\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        var response = await Client.GetAsync(\"/api/hello/index\");\n",
    "        var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "        return content;\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "public class HttpClientServiceB\n",
    "{\n",
    "    public HttpClient Client { get; }\n",
    "    public HttpClientServiceB(HttpClient client)\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        Client = client;\n",
    "        Console.WriteLine(\"HttpClientServiceB => 构造函数执行一次\");\n",
    "    }\n",
    "\n",
    "    public async Task<string> PingAsync()\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        var response = await Client.GetAsync(\"/api/hello/Ping\");\n",
    "        var content = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();\n",
    "        return content;\n",
    "    }\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "{\n",
    "    var services = new ServiceCollection();\n",
    "    services.AddHttpClient<HttpClientServiceA>(client => \n",
    "    {\n",
    "        client.BaseAddress = new Uri(webApiBaseUrl);\n",
    "        Console.WriteLine(\"HttpClientServiceA => AddHttpClient 执行一次\");\n",
    "    })\n",
    "    .ConfigureHttpClient(client=>\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1);\n",
    "        Console.WriteLine(\"HttpClientServiceA => ConfigureHttpClient 执行一次\");\n",
    "    });\n",
    "\n",
    "    services.AddHttpClient<HttpClientServiceB>(client => \n",
    "    {\n",
    "        client.BaseAddress = new Uri(webApiBaseUrl);\n",
    "        Console.WriteLine(\"HttpClientServiceB => AddHttpClient 执行一次\");\n",
    "    })\n",
    "    .ConfigureHttpClient(client=>\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2);\n",
    "        Console.WriteLine(\"HttpClientServiceB => ConfigureHttpClient 执行一次\");\n",
    "    });\n",
    "\n",
    "    var builder = services.BuildServiceProvider();\n",
    "\n",
    "    var serviceA = builder.GetRequiredService<HttpClientServiceA>();\n",
    "    var serviceB = builder.GetRequiredService<HttpClientServiceB>();\n",
    "    //每获取一次类型化客户端，都会执行一交。\n",
    "    var serviceB2 = builder.GetRequiredService<HttpClientServiceB>();\n",
    "\n",
    "    var dataA = await serviceA.GetIndexAsync();\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(dataA);\n",
    "\n",
    "    var dataB = await serviceB.PingAsync();\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(dataB);\n",
    "\n",
    "    var dataB2 = await serviceB2.PingAsync();\n",
    "    Console.WriteLine(dataB2);\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "// 类型化客户端2\n",
    "{\n",
    "    var services = new ServiceCollection();\n",
    "    services.AddHttpClient<HttpClientServiceA>(client => \n",
    "    {\n",
    "        client.BaseAddress = new Uri(webApiBaseUrl);\n",
    "        Console.WriteLine(\"HttpClientServiceA => AddHttpClient 执行一次\");\n",
    "    })\n",
    "    .AddTypedClient<HttpClientServiceA>()\n",
    "    .ConfigureHttpClient(client=>\n",
    "    {\n",
    "        client.Timeout = TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1);\n",
    "        Console.WriteLine(\"HttpClientServiceA => ConfigureHttpClient 执行一次\");\n",
    "    });\n",
    "}\n",
    "\n",
    "//todo: 生成式 HttpClient: Refit库\n",
    "\n",
    "/*\n",
    "    IFactoryHttpClient + Polly8\n",
    "    1、引用库 Polly 和 Microsoft.Extensions.Http.Polly\n",
    "*/\n",
    "\n",
    "\n"
   ]
  },
  {
   "cell_type": "markdown",
   "metadata": {},
   "source": [
    "## 7、综合管理：工厂 + 类型化客户端 ＋ 请求管道 + Polly(默认使用 连接池和IoC容器)"
   ]
  }
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